Bunt of wheat | Karnal bunt of wheat

Bunt of wheat 🌾 

1. This smut disease also called stinking smuts of wheat are widely distributed in all wheat growing areas of the world.
2. They effect plant by destroying the constrent of infected kernels and replacing them with the spores of fungus.
3. Bunt causes losses in grain yield.

Symptoms of bunt of wheat 🌾

1. Affected plants are usually shorter then healthy one.
2. The colour of the plant may changed to bluish green to greenish green.
3. The most pronounced symptoms however when the head of infected plants emerged.
4. Infected kernels are shorter and thicker and greyish brown then normal golden yellow or red.
5. These are usually full of shoot black, powdery mass of spores, the teliospores that give a distil smell of decay fish.

Bunt of wheat

Causing organisms of bunt of wheat 🌾

1. The disease caused by Telia carris, Telia foetida and Telia contraversa.
2. They mycellium is hyaline and during sporulation most cells are transformed into sperical, brownish teliospore.
3. Open the germination each spore produces 8 to 16 cells.
4. These fuse in pairs forming 'H'  shaped structures.
5. Each secondary sporedium open germination produces dikaryotic Mycelium that infects the plants.
6. After systematic development through the plant. The Mycelium again forms teliospores.
7. The fungus survives as teliospores on contaminated wheat kernels and in soil.
8. When contaminated seed in shown teliospores germinate with the young seedings and form basidia primary sporedia and secondary sporedia.
9. The dikaryotic Mycelium formed after germination of Secondary sporedia, penitrate of the young seedlings directly.
10. It grows interactly and invoices developing leaves and growing point of the plant.
11. The Mycelium grows with these growing points when heads are form on plant the Mycelium invade all part of it even before the head emerge out of the boot.
12. These spores are covered by pericarp or the kernels forming a covering around the spore mass.
13. They break and release their spore during harvest or thorting.

Karnal Bunt of wheat 🌾

Karnal bunt of wheat

1. Reported in 1931- by Mitra from Karnal, india 
2. Sever in Trai & northern parts of country

Symptoms :

1. Symptoms appear in ear
2. Not all ear in a stool affected
3. Not all grains in a ear
4. Not all grain but partially
5. So called partial bunt

Controls of bunt of wheat 🌾

1. Use of resisted variety.
2. Sanitation that is burning of straw and other infected part.
3. Crop rotation to avoid infection by soil borne teliospore.
4. Cultural practices that is modification of soil temperature and motiour.
5. Seed treatment to aliminate seed born teliospore.
6. Hexa chlorobenzene (carboxine) Thiram, Chloranil.